Free Surveying Tool

Vertical Curve Calculator

Enter two grades and a curve length. Get PVC, PVI, PVT elevations, K-value, high/low point, and a full station elevation table — instantly.

Curve Parameters

Required

%

Positive = uphill, negative = downhill

%
ft

Horizontal distance PVC to PVT

Optional — for elevations & stations

Enter as decimal feet (e.g. 1000.00)

ft

Vertical Curve Reference

PVC

Point of Vertical Curvature — where the parabolic curve begins. The incoming tangent grade g₁ ends here.

PVI

Point of Vertical Intersection — where the two tangent grades would meet if extended. Located at the midpoint of the curve horizontally.

PVT

Point of Vertical Tangency — where the curve ends and the outgoing tangent grade g₂ begins.

A (Grade Difference)

A = g₂ − g₁. Positive A means a sag curve (valley). Negative A means a crest curve (hill).

K-value

K = L ÷ |A|. The horizontal distance required to achieve a 1% change in grade. Used to evaluate sight distance adequacy.

High / Low Point

The point where the grade is zero — the peak of a crest curve or bottom of a sag curve. Located at x = −g₁ × L ÷ A from the PVC.

Key Formulas

E(x) = EPVC + (g₁/100)·x + (A/200L)·x²

PVI station = PVC station + L/2

PVT station = PVC station + L

High/Low point: x = −g₁·L / A (from PVC)

K = L / |A|

Where x = distance from PVC (ft), A = g₂ − g₁ (%)

AASHTO K-Value Minimums (Stopping Sight Distance)

SpeedCrest KSag K
30 mph1937
40 mph4460
50 mph9696
60 mph193136
70 mph386180

Field tools built for survey crews

SlateTablet is the crew management app for survey companies — level loops, invert calculations, job tracking, and professional PDF exports from your phone.

Get Started Free